There were 12 categories, a subset from the 20 categories used in Junge et al 2012, who presented these categories as examples of familiar items for Dutch monolingual 9-month-olds. Visual stimuli: Objects were typical highly frequent items from categories considered to be familiar for most Dutch infants by the age of 15 months. Gap-overlap 3 face pop-out 4 looking while listening). The described task is always the last task in the set of our four eye-tracking tasks (1. Participants (age range: 2 year, 0 months - 4 years, 11 months, 30 days) came to the Child Research Center for half a day to participate in a battery of tasks. Golinkoff, Ma, Song & Hirsh-Pasek, 2013). More complex measures are growth curve analyses (with proportion target fixation on y-axis, and time as a continuous variable on the x-axis). Note that if researchers only report accuracy data, they tend to refer to this paradigm as the inter-modal preferential looking paradigm (cf. how long they fixate target ‘chair’ relative to distracter ‘bath’//or total looking time. There are typically two key variables that you can obtain:ġ) Reaction time (how quickly participants respond to verbal instruction: this includes only trials when participants are fixating the distracter image at target word onset and the DV is the latency it takes participants to switch to the target image)Ģ) Accuracy (after word onset, proportion looking time to target relative to total looking time, e.g. ![]() Note that we collect the data using an eye tracker (Tobii TX 300Hz), which measure gaze direction objectively, as opposed to video recordings of subject’s eye movements. Fernald, Zangl, Pottillo & Marchman, 2008). This paradigm – known as “looking while listening” – is developed by Anne Fernald (cf. This eye tracking task is a simplified version of a visual world paradigm, in which every trial presents pairs of familiar images/objects of roughly the same size (example: a chair and a bath), accompanied with a pre-recorded Dutch sentence that asks the participant to look at one of these images (e.g., ‘where is a chair?’).
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